Classification Of Leather For Shoes

What is called the first layer skin, what is called real leather, what is called water dyed skin, what is called open edge bead skin, what is called lacquer skin, what is called repair leather, what is called embossed leather, what is called printing or burnt skin, what is called frosted skin, what is called Velvet skin, what is laser skin, what is recycled skin, what is artificial leather?

Looking at the leather industry in the world, leather includes

Leather is made from cattle, sheep, pigs, horses, deer or some other animals, and is made from tanning products and made into leather materials with various properties, strength, touch, color and pattern. It is an essential material for modern leather products.

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Among them, cowhide, sheepskin and pigskin are three kinds of leather materials used for leather making.

It is divided into two types: head skin and two skin.

　   （1）头层皮是带有粒面的牛、羊、猪皮等，皮面有自然的疤痕和血筋痕等，偶尔还有加工过程中的刀伤以及利用率极低的肚腩部位，进口头层皮还有牛只的编号烙印。全粒面皮可以从毛孔粗细和疏密度来区分属于何种动物皮革。

Cowhide

There are many kinds, such as cow skin, meat and cattle hide, cattle hide, cow hide, Bull Hide, Uncastrated Bull Hide and castrated bull skin.

There are also cattle hide, buffalo skin, yak skin and calf skin in China.

Among them, the pores of the buffalo hide are thicker and thinner, while the yellow cattle hide is smaller and thicker than that of the buffalo hide.

The pores of sheep skin are thinner, denser and slightly skewness, mainly consisting of two main categories: sheep skin and goat skin.

Pigskin's rule of long hair is 3-5 branches, so it is easy to distinguish. It is easy to distinguish. Pigskin and pig skin are widely used. The famous wild boar is a wild boar. The boar skin has obvious porcine skin pores and grain characteristics. Because of its special collagen fiber structure, it can be made into very soft garment leather or glove leather, and its value is very high.

In addition, ostrich skin, crocodile skin, short nosed crocodile skin, lizard skin, snake skin, bullfrog skin, sea fish skin (shark skin, cod skin, fish skin, eel skin, pearl fish skin, etc.), freshwater fish skin (with grass carp, carp skin and other scaly skin), fur fur fox fur (Yin Hu skin, blue fox skin, etc.), wolf skin, dog skin, rabbit skin and so on are easy to identify, and can not be made of two layers of skin.

The skin of the first layer is made directly from the raw skins of various animals, or the skins of cattle, pigs, horses and other animal skins with thicker cortex are sliced and cut into two layers.

It was processed by chemical material spraying or covered with PVC and PU thin films.

Therefore, the effective way to distinguish the skin of the head and the two layer skin is to observe the fiber density of the longitudinal section of the skin.

The skin of the first layer is composed of a dense thin fibrous layer and a slightly loose overlayer which is closely connected with it. It has good strength, elasticity and process plasticity.

The two layer of leather is only a loose fibrous tissue layer. It can only be used for making leather products only after spraying chemical raw materials or polishing. It maintains certain natural elasticity and process plasticity, but its strength is poor, and its thickness is the same as that of the head skin.

There are also various kinds of leather used for fashion production today, but there are some differences in the processing technology.

Next, I would like to give you a detailed introduction of various experiences.

　   1 、水染皮：指用牛、羊、猪、马、鹿等头层皮漂染各种颜色，上鼓摔松，并上光加工而成的各种软皮。 

　   2 、开边珠皮：又称为贴膜皮革，是沿着脊梁抛成两半，并修去松皱的肚腩和四肢部分的头层皮或二层的开边牛皮，在其表面贴合各种净色、金属色、莹光珍珠色、幻彩双色或多色的 PVC 薄膜加工而成。 

　   3 、漆皮：用二层皮坯喷涂各色化工原料后压光或消光加工而成的皮革。 

　   4 、修面皮：是较差的头层皮坯，表面进行抛光处理，磨去表面的疤痕和血筋痕，用各种流行色皮浆喷涂后，压成粒面或光面效果的皮。 

　   5 、压花皮：一般选用修面皮或开边珠皮来压制各种花纹或图案而成。比如，仿鳄鱼纹、蜥蜴纹、鸵鸟皮纹、蟒蛇皮纹、水波纹、美观的树皮纹、荔枝纹、仿鹿纹等，还有各种条纹、花格、立体图案或反映各种品牌形象的创意图案等。 

　   6 、印花或烙花皮：选料同压花皮一样，只是加工工艺不同，是印刷或烫烙成有各种花纹或图案的头层或二层皮。 

　   7 、磨砂皮：将皮革表面进行抛光处理，并将粒面疤痕或粗糙的纤维磨蚀，露出整齐均润的皮革纤维组织后再染成各种流行颜色而成的头层或闫ぁ? 

　   8 、反绒皮：也叫猄皮，是将皮坯表面打磨成绒状，再染出各种流行颜色而成的头层皮。 

　   9 、激光皮：也叫镭射皮，引用激光技术在皮革表面蚀刻各种花纹图案的最新皮革品种。 

　　二、再生皮：将各种动物的费皮及真皮下脚料粉碎后，调配化工原料加工制作而成。其表面加工工艺同真皮的修面皮、压花皮一样，其特点是皮张边缘较整齐、利用率高、价格便宜；但皮身一般较厚，强度较差，只适宜制作平价公文箱、拉杆袋、球杆套等定型工艺产品和平价皮带，其纵切面纤维组织均匀一致，可辨认出流质物混合纤维的凝固效果。 

　　三、人造革：也叫仿皮或胶料，是PVC和 PU 等人造材料的总称。它是在纺织布基或无纺布基上，由各种不同配方的 PVC 和 PU 等发泡或覆膜加工制作而成，可以根据不同强度、耐磨度、耐寒度和色彩、光泽、花纹图案等要求加工制成，具有花色品种繁多、防水性能好、边幅整齐、利用率高和价格相对真皮便宜的特点，但绝大部分的人造革，其手感和弹性无法达到真皮的效果；它的纵切面，可看到细微的气泡孔、布基或表层的薄膜和干干巴巴的人造纤维。

It is a very popular material from the early stage until now. It is widely used to produce various leather products or some of the genuine leather materials.

Its increasingly advanced manufacturing process is being widely used in the manufacture of two layers of leather.

Nowadays, the leather like leather with the characteristics of leather has been produced, and its surface technology is almost the same as that of domestic leather.

Editor: vivi